It was predicted that people in the 21st century would have much more free time than in the past. To what extent has this prediction come true?
The early prediction that 21st-century people would enjoy far more leisure time than previous generations has only been partially realised, with stark divides across different social groups.
On the one hand, technological advances have indeed freed up time for certain populations. Automated household appliances, such as robot vacuums, smart washing machines and instant food delivery services, have cut down hours spent on daily chores: what used to take 3-4 hours of housework per day for a mid-20th century family now takes less than one hour on average. For many retired groups and people in high-welfare European countries, reduced standard working hours (for instance, the 35-hour work week implemented in France) also grant them more time to pursue hobbies, travel or spend time with family.
On the other hand, for the majority of working-age people globally, the prediction has completely failed to materialise. First, soaring living costs, from housing to education and healthcare, force most people to work overtime or take extra part-time jobs: in many Asian metropolises, the 996 work schedule (9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week) leaves little time for relaxation. Second, the blurring line between work and personal life caused by digital devices means people are often expected to respond to work messages or finish tasks outside formal working hours. From my own experience, my cousin working in an internet company often deals with work requests late at night, even on weekends, having barely an hour a day for his own interests.
In conclusion, while a small privileged group has gained more free time, most working people today are no less time-poor, if not more occupied, than past generations, meaning the prediction is largely unfulfilled.